Which of the following concepts was not a result of the Renaissance?

The strengthening of absolute monarchies was not a direct result of the Renaissance. The Renaissance, a cultural movement that began in the 14th century, fostered a renewed interest in the arts, science, and philosophical inquiry, which led to the promotion of individualism—an emphasis on personal experience and expression. It also sparked a revival of classical antiquity, as artists, thinkers, and scholars drew inspiration from ancient Greek and Roman works.

While the Renaissance did influence the political landscape of Europe, it primarily encouraged ideas that challenged established authority, including the church and monarchies. The emphasis was on humanism and secularism, which often promoted democratic ideals and individual rights, rather than strengthening the power of absolute monarchs. In contrast, some monarchs may have leveraged the cultural shifts for their own ends, but the movement itself was not fundamentally focused on reinforcing monarchical power.