Which factor primarily contributed to the change in midwestern farming during the late 1800s?

The primary factor that contributed to the change in midwestern farming during the late 1800s was the technological innovations in railroad transportation. The expansion of the rail network allowed farmers to transport their goods over long distances more efficiently and at a lower cost. This access to larger markets radically transformed agricultural practices and economic strategies for farmers in the Midwest.

Railroads enabled the rapid movement of crops from rural areas to urban centers, where demand was higher. This connection encouraged a shift from subsistence farming to more commercialized agriculture, as farmers could now sell their products in distant markets. Additionally, improvements in transportation influenced the types of crops grown, as farmers began to specialize in products that could be transported efficiently. The integration of railroads into the agricultural economy thus played a crucial role in shaping the region's farming landscape during this period.

By understanding the impact of transportation on agriculture, one can better appreciate how infrastructure developments can lead to significant changes in production practices and market dynamics.