Which condition affecting learning and development results from brain damage during pregnancy or infancy?

Cerebral Palsy is a condition that affects movement and muscle coordination due to damage to the brain, which can occur during pregnancy or shortly after birth. This brain damage can result from various factors, including infections during pregnancy, lack of oxygen at birth, or head injuries in early infancy. The impact on motor skills often leads to challenges in movement and may also influence cognitive development, making it a multifaceted condition that influences learning and development in children.

Other conditions listed relate to genetic or developmental factors rather than direct brain damage. Fragile X Syndrome is a genetic disorder associated with intellectual disability, while dyslexia is a specific learning disability affecting reading abilities, often linked to different cognitive processing rather than direct brain injury. Down Syndrome is a genetic condition caused by an extra chromosome, which can influence development but does not result from brain damage in the way that Cerebral Palsy does.