What type of play behavior is characterized by children watching others without playing themselves?

The behavior described is best characterized as spectator or onlooker behavior. This type of play involves children observing their peers engaged in play without actively participating. It is a developmental stage where a child is interested in the activities of others but may not yet feel ready or comfortable to join in. This observation can be an important part of social learning, as children gather information about social norms and the mechanics of play from watching their peers.

In contrast, unoccupied play refers to a stage where a child is not engaged in any activity that’s aimed at play or games. Solitary play is when a child plays alone, engaged in their own activities without regard for others, while cooperative play involves children working together towards a common goal or engaging in shared activities. Each of these play behaviors indicates different developmental stages and social skills in early childhood.