Based on assessment results showing specific numbers chosen by a first-grade student, additional instruction in which topic is indicated?

The correct answer is place value, as it is a fundamental concept that first graders are typically learning in mathematics. At this grade level, understanding place value is crucial for students to grasp how numbers work, including the concept of tens and ones. When a student selects specific numbers, it often provides insights into their understanding of numerical representation and the significance of a digit's position within a number.

For example, if a student demonstrates confusion between the value of the digit in the tens place versus the ones place, or if their chosen numbers reflect misunderstanding in such separations (like treating '23' as two separate digits instead of twenty-two), this indicates a need for reinforced instruction in place value. Mastery of this topic allows students to perform various operations, comprehend larger numbers, and sets a solid foundation for further mathematical learning as they progress in their education.

In contrast, the other topics such as absolute value, communicative properties, and inverse operations are usually more advanced or specific concepts that might not be directly relevant to a first-grade student’s immediate needs in understanding basic number structure and relationships. After establishing a solid grasp of place value, students would be better positioned to tackle these more complex mathematical concepts.